LONDON, Nov 23 — The dollar index reached new 16-month highs and its strongest in more than four years versus the yen after Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell was picked for a second term, reinforcing market expectations that US interest rates will rise in 2022.

Currency markets have been mostly driven in recent months by market perceptions of the different paces at which global central banks reduce pandemic era stimulus and raise rates.

"The decision removes one source of uncertainty for financial markets and favours policy continuity at the Fed,” wrote MUFG currency analyst Lee Hardman in a note to clients.

"We expect US yields and the US dollar to remain under upward pressure in the near term while US activity and inflation data is surprising to the upside.”

Commerzbank’s head of FX and commodity research, Ulrich Leuchtmann, said that the decision was beneficial for the dollar because it showed President Joe Biden respecting the Federal Reserve’s independence from government.

"Biden has proved to be principled with yesterday’s nomination,” he wrote in a note to clients.

At 0819 GMT today, the dollar index was at 96.426, slightly below the 16-month high of 96.603 it reached during Asian trading hours.

Versus Japan’s yen, the dollar rose to its highest in four and a half years, as investors expected US interest rates to diverge from those in Japan.

The Japanese currency is sensitive to moves in US Treasury notes, and two-year US Treasury yields rose 8.5 basis points on Monday to their highest since early March 2020.

The dollar-yen move had eased by 0824 GMT, with the pair down 0.2 per cent at 114.590, compared to the peak of 115.160 reached earlier in the session.

The euro was up 0.2 per cent against the dollar at US$1.1258, after hitting a 16-month low versus the dollar.

The euro has lost 2.6 per cent so far this month, hurt by a combination of the European Central Bank’s dovish monetary policy stance and, more recently, a resurgence of Covid-19 cases in Europe.

The World Health Organisation warned earlier this month that current transmission rates in 53 European countries are of "grave concern” and Germany’s health minister has called for further restrictions on public spaces.

Germany’s PMI data, which was better than expected, pushed the euro slightly higher. French PMI data was also stronger than expected.

But material shortages and supply chain issues, combined with higher energy and wage bills, led to an unprecedented rate of cost inflation which in turn led many firms to raise their own charges to a record degree, the survey showed.

Turkey’s lira weakened to a new record low of 12 versus the dollar. This was its eleventh record low in as many days, after President Tayyip Erdogan defended recent rate cuts and vowed to win an "economic war of independence”.

The Australian dollar was down 0.1 per cent at US$0.7217 (RM3.03) while the New Zealand dollar was down 0.3 per cent at US$0.6931.

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand is expected to deliver a 25 basis point rate hike tomorrow.

In cryptocurrencies, bitcoin was just below US$56,000. Earlier this month it had hit a new all-time high of US$69,000. — Reuters