WASHINGTON, Aug 17 — While quarantine measures are in the news again as various European countries enact policies for arrivals from other nations in the midst of summer holiday season and New Zealand's policies make headlines as the country moves quickly to control a new outbreak, it's a good time to remember that the concept and practice of quarantining also exists in the animal kingdom.

Numerous animals live in solitary setups, aside from when it's their mating season, in order to avoid problems linked to life within a group.

But others, who are more sociable in general, opt for radical distancing strategies when outbreaks of diseases occur, as research by Hamilton College Associate Professor of Biology Andrea Townsend, evolutionary psychologist Keelah Williams (Hamilton College) and disease ecologists Dana Hawley (Virginia Tech) and Jessica Stephenson (University of Pittsburgh), published in The Royal Society, indicates.

Foraging honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Honey-producing bees are known for their highly organized lives in collectivity. Subject to an assortment of pathogens, when an individual bee is infected they tend to remove themselves from the colony, with a lower return rate to the hive having been observed in order to promote survival of the group.

Chimpanzees

Primatologists have observed the phenomenon of ostracisation towards a sick individual in groups of chimpanzees, though some have been spotted being welcomed back to a group eventually.

Caribbean spiny lobsters

Thanks to chemosensory cues, these lobsters are capable of detecting an individual infected with a pathogen, and avoidance strategies appear to be put into place in order to avoid multiplying the disease.

Guppies

Meanwhile guppies have been observed to be highly sensitive to sickness cues, with those with weak defenses avoiding individuals likely to be infected with parasites. — AFP-Relaxnews