WASHINGTON, Feb 2 — US job growth surged in January, with employers hiring the most workers in 11 months, pointing to underlying strength in the economy despite an uncertain outlook that has left the Federal Reserve wary about more interest rate hikes this year.
The Labor Department said its closely watched monthly employment report yesterday showed no “discernible” impact on job growth from a 35-day partial government shutdown, while acknowledging it was unable to quantify the effect on private industry.
But the longest shutdown in history, which ended a week ago, pushed up the unemployment rate to a seven-month high of 4.0 per cent. The report came two days after the Fed signaled its three-year interest rate hike campaign might be ending because of rising headwinds to the economy, including financial market volatility and softening global growth.
The brisk pace of hiring suggested still strong momentum in the economy, a theme that was also underscored by a separate report showing a pickup in manufacturing activity in January. Wage gains, however, slowed, pointing to tame inflation.
“The Fed chickened out on further rate hikes this year and boy are they ever misreading the tea leaves on where the economy is going next,” said Chris Rupkey, chief economist at MUFG in New York. “US companies have not let up one bit on their hiring in response to risks out there in the world economy.”
Nonfarm payrolls jumped by 304,000 jobs last month, the largest gain since February 2018, the Labor Department said. Job growth was boosted by hiring at construction sites, retailers and business services as well as at restaurants, hotels and amusement parks.
The economy, however, added 70,000 fewer jobs than previously reported in November and December. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast payrolls increasing by only 165,000 jobs in January. Roughly 100,000 per month are needed to keep up with growth in the working-age population.
January marked a record 100 straight months of job gains.
The government shutdown saw about 380,000 workers furloughed but President Donald Trump signed a law guaranteeing these employees back pay. As a result, these workers were included in the survey of employers from which the payrolls number is calculated.
The furloughed workers were, however, considered unemployed on “temporary layoff” in the separate survey of households from which the jobless rate is derived. This lifted the unemployment rate one-tenth of a percentage point from 3.9 per cent in December. The shutdown ended last Friday after Trump and Congress agreed to temporary government funding, without money for his US-Mexico border wall.
Average hourly earnings rose three cents, or 0.1 per cent in January after accelerating 0.4 per cent in December. That lowered the annual increase in wages to 3.2 per cent from 3.3 per cent in December, giving the employment report a Goldilocks feel.
The dollar was little changed against a basket of currencies as traders focused on the tepid monthly wage gain. Stocks on Wall Street rose, while US Treasury prices fell.
Backward looking
The Fed on Wednesday kept interest rates steady but said it would be patient in raising borrowing costs further this year. The US central bank removed language from its December policy statement that risks to the outlook were “roughly balanced.”
St. Louis Fed President James Bullard yesterday defended the central bank’s policy stance, telling CNBC that the jobs numbers were backward looking, and Dallas Fed chief Robert Kaplan called the payrolls report “noisy,” pointing to a sharp rise in part-time jobs.
A broader measure of unemployment, which includes people who want to work but have given up searching and those working part-time because they cannot find full-time employment, jumped to an 11-month high of 8.1 per cent in January from 7.6 per cent in December.
It was boosted by a 500,000 increase in the number of people working part time, likely because of the government shutdown.
The labour force participation rate, or the proportion of working-age Americans who have a job or are looking for one, rose to a more than five-year high of 63.2 per cent.
With key data from the Commerce Department, including the fourth-quarter gross domestic product report, still delayed because of the government shutdown, the employment report is the clearest sign that the economy remains on solid ground.
Other data yesterday showed factory activity rebounding in January, with new orders rising strongly. But consumer sentiment dropped to a more than two-year low, a reminder of the uncertainty over the economic expansion, now in its ninth year and the second longest on record.
Washington’s trade war with Beijing is the biggest headwind to the economy, which will also have to deal with diminishing fiscal stimulus and weakening growth in China and Europe, as well as the risk of a disorderly departure by Britain from the European Union.
“It’s highly likely that an economic slowdown will occur in 2019,” said Sung Won Sohn, chief economist at SS Economics in Los Angeles. “The question is by how much.”
Annual revisions to payroll data showed the level of employment in March of last year was 1,000 lower on a seasonally adjusted basis than had been reported. The government also incorporated new population estimates, which had no impact on the unemployment and labor force participation rates.
Employment at construction sites surged 52,000, the most since February 2018, after increasing 28,000 in December. Hiring was likely boosted by mild temperatures in January.
Manufacturing payrolls increased by 13,000, slowing from December’s 20,000 increase. Employment in the leisure and hospitality sector jumped by 74,000. Retail payrolls rebounded by 20,800 jobs. Professional and business services employment increased by 30,000 jobs last month.
The government added 8,000 jobs last month. There were increases in healthcare, transportation and warehousing employment, as well as financial activities. But utilities and information payrolls fell in January.
The average workweek was unchanged at 34.5 hours in January. — Reuters
